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  1. /* ============================================================
  2.  *  图书管理系统（链表 + 结构体）
  3.  *  功能：增加 / 按书名查询 / 按出版社查询 / 按书名删除 /
  4.  *        按出版社删除 / 显示全部 / 借还登记
  5.  *  编译：gcc book.c -o book
  6.  * ============================================================ */
  7.  
  8. #include <stdio.h>
  9. #include <stdlib.h>
  10. #include <string.h>
  11.  
  12. /* ---------- 状态枚举 ---------- */
  13. typedef enum {
  14.     STATUS_RETURNED = 0,   // 已归还（在馆）
  15.     STATUS_BORROWED = 1    // 已借出
  16. } BookStatus;
  17.  
  18. /* ---------- 图书结构体（链表节点） ---------- */
  19. typedef struct Book {
  20.     char title[50];        // 书名
  21.     char publisher[50];    // 出版社
  22.     char borrow_date[20];  // 借出时间
  23.     char return_date[20];  // 归还时间
  24.     BookStatus status;     // 当前状态
  25.     struct Book *next;     // 下一节点
  26. } Book;
  27.  
  28. Book *head = NULL;         // 链表头指针
  29.  
  30. /* ============================================================
  31.  *  输入工具：读一整行并去掉换行
  32.  * ============================================================ */
  33. void read_line(char *buf, size_t size) {
  34.     if (fgets(buf, (int)size, stdin) == NULL) {
  35.         buf[0] = '\0';
  36.         return;
  37.     }
  38.     if (strchr(buf, '\n') == NULL) {           // 输入超长，清掉残留
  39.         int c;
  40.         while ((c = getchar()) != '\n' && c != EOF) { }
  41.     } else {
  42.         buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';        // 去掉换行
  43.     }
  44. }
  45.  
  46. /* 状态转中文 */
  47. const char *status_text(BookStatus s) {
  48.     return (s == STATUS_BORROWED) ? "借出" : "归还";
  49. }
  50.  
  51. /* 表头 */
  52. void print_header(void) {
  53.     printf("%-16s %-18s %-12s %-12s %-4s\n",
  54.            "书名", "出版社", "借出时间", "归还时间", "状态");
  55.     printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
  56. }
  57.  
  58. /* 打印一行图书信息 */
  59. void print_book(Book *b) {
  60.     printf("%-16s %-18s %-12s %-12s %-4s\n",
  61.            b->title, b->publisher,
  62.            b->borrow_date, b->return_date,
  63.            status_text(b->status));
  64. }
  65.  
  66. /* ============================================================
  67.  *  1. 增加图书（尾插，保持添加顺序）
  68.  * ============================================================ */
  69. void add_book(void) {
  70.     Book *b = (Book *)malloc(sizeof(Book));
  71.     if (b == NULL) {
  72.         printf("内存分配失败！\n");
  73.         return;
  74.     }
  75.  
  76.     printf("书名: ");
  77.     read_line(b->title, sizeof(b->title));
  78.     if (b->title[0] == '\0') {
  79.         printf("书名不能为空！\n");
  80.         free(b);
  81.         return;
  82.     }
  83.  
  84.     printf("出版社: ");
  85.     read_line(b->publisher, sizeof(b->publisher));
  86.  
  87.     printf("借出时间(如 2024-05-01，可为 -): ");
  88.     read_line(b->borrow_date, sizeof(b->borrow_date));
  89.  
  90.     printf("归还时间(如 2024-06-01，可为 -): ");
  91.     read_line(b->return_date, sizeof(b->return_date));
  92.  
  93.     char line[16];
  94.     printf("状态(0=归还/在馆, 1=借出): ");
  95.     read_line(line, sizeof(line));
  96.     b->status = (atoi(line) == 1) ? STATUS_BORROWED : STATUS_RETURNED;
  97.  
  98.     /* 尾插 */
  99.     b->next = NULL;
  100.     if (head == NULL) {
  101.         head = b;
  102.     } else {
  103.         Book *p = head;
  104.         while (p->next != NULL) p = p->next;
  105.         p->next = b;
  106.     }
  107.     printf("添加成功！\n");
  108. }
  109.  
  110. /* ============================================================
  111.  *  2. 按书名查询（模糊匹配）
  112.  * ============================================================ */
  113. void search_by_title(void) {
  114.     char key[50];
  115.     printf("输入书名关键字: ");
  116.     read_line(key, sizeof(key));
  117.  
  118.     int count = 0;
  119.     print_header();
  120.     for (Book *p = head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
  121.         if (strstr(p->title, key) != NULL) {   // 子串匹配
  122.             print_book(p);
  123.             count++;
  124.         }
  125.     }
  126.     printf("共找到 %d 本图书\n", count);
  127. }
  128.  
  129. /* ============================================================
  130.  *  3. 按出版社查询（模糊匹配）
  131.  * ============================================================ */
  132. void search_by_publisher(void) {
  133.     char key[50];
  134.     printf("输入出版社关键字: ");
  135.     read_line(key, sizeof(key));
  136.  
  137.     int count = 0;
  138.     print_header();
  139.     for (Book *p = head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
  140.         if (strstr(p->publisher, key) != NULL) {
  141.             print_book(p);
  142.             count++;
  143.         }
  144.     }
  145.     printf("共找到 %d 本图书\n", count);
  146. }
  147.  
  148. /* ============================================================
  149.  *  4. 删除：通用逻辑 + 匹配函数
  150.  *     删除所有匹配节点，返回删除数量
  151.  * ============================================================ */
  152.  
  153. /* 按书名精确匹配 */
  154. int match_title(Book *b, const char *key) {
  155.     return strcmp(b->title, key) == 0;
  156. }
  157.  
  158. /* 按出版社精确匹配 */
  159. int match_publisher(Book *b, const char *key) {
  160.     return strcmp(b->publisher, key) == 0;
  161. }
  162.  
  163. /* 通用删除：遍历链表删除所有匹配项
  164.  * match 是函数指针，决定按书名还是按出版社匹配 */
  165. int delete_books(int (*match)(Book *, const char *), const char *key) {
  166.     Book *prev = NULL;      // 前驱
  167.     Book *cur  = head;      // 当前
  168.     int   count = 0;
  169.  
  170.     while (cur != NULL) {
  171.         if (match(cur, key)) {
  172.             Book *del = cur;
  173.             if (prev == NULL) {           // 删头节点
  174.                 head = cur->next;
  175.             } else {                      // 删中间/尾节点
  176.                 prev->next = cur->next;
  177.             }
  178.             cur = cur->next;              // 前进
  179.             free(del);                    // 释放
  180.             count++;
  181.         } else {                          // 不匹配才移动 prev
  182.             prev = cur;
  183.             cur  = cur->next;
  184.         }
  185.     }
  186.     return count;
  187. }
  188.  
  189. /* 按书名删除 */
  190. void delete_by_title(void) {
  191.     char key[50];
  192.     printf("输入要删除的书名(需完整): ");
  193.     read_line(key, sizeof(key));
  194.  
  195.     int n = delete_books(match_title, key);
  196.     if (n > 0) printf("已删除 %d 本图书\n", n);
  197.     else       printf("未找到该书\n");
  198. }
  199.  
  200. /* 按出版社删除 */
  201. void delete_by_publisher(void) {
  202.     char key[50];
  203.     printf("输入要删除的出版社(需完整): ");
  204.     read_line(key, sizeof(key));
  205.  
  206.     int n = delete_books(match_publisher, key);
  207.     if (n > 0) printf("已删除 %d 本图书\n", n);
  208.     else       printf("未找到该出版社的图书\n");
  209. }
  210.  
  211. /* ============================================================
  212.  *  5. 显示全部
  213.  * ============================================================ */
  214. void list_books(void) {
  215.     if (head == NULL) {
  216.         printf("暂无图书\n");
  217.         return;
  218.     }
  219.     print_header();
  220.     for (Book *p = head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
  221.         print_book(p);
  222.     }
  223. }
  224.  
  225. /* ============================================================
  226.  *  6. 借出 / 归还登记
  227.  * ============================================================ */
  228. void change_status(void) {
  229.     char title[50];
  230.     printf("输入书名: ");
  231.     read_line(title, sizeof(title));
  232.  
  233.     /* 按书名精确查找 */
  234.     Book *p = head;
  235.     while (p != NULL && strcmp(p->title, title) != 0) p = p->next;
  236.     if (p == NULL) {
  237.         printf("未找到该书\n");
  238.         return;
  239.     }
  240.  
  241.     char line[16];
  242.     printf("1=借出 0=归还: ");
  243.     read_line(line, sizeof(line));
  244.  
  245.     if (atoi(line) == 1) {
  246.         p->status = STATUS_BORROWED;
  247.         printf("借出时间: ");
  248.         read_line(p->borrow_date, sizeof(p->borrow_date));
  249.     } else {
  250.         p->status = STATUS_RETURNED;
  251.         printf("归还时间: ");
  252.         read_line(p->return_date, sizeof(p->return_date));
  253.     }
  254.     printf("状态已更新\n");
  255. }
  256.  
  257. /* ============================================================
  258.  *  7. 释放链表
  259.  * ============================================================ */
  260. void free_all(void) {
  261.     Book *p = head;
  262.     while (p != NULL) {
  263.         Book *next = p->next;   // 先存 next，再 free
  264.         free(p);
  265.         p = next;
  266.     }
  267.     head = NULL;
  268. }
  269.  
  270. /* ============================================================
  271.  *  主菜单 & main
  272.  * ============================================================ */
  273. void menu(void) {
  274.     printf("\n========== 图书管理系统 ==========\n");
  275.     printf(" 1. 增加图书\n");
  276.     printf(" 2. 按书名查询\n");
  277.     printf(" 3. 按出版社查询\n");
  278.     printf(" 4. 按书名删除\n");
  279.     printf(" 5. 按出版社删除\n");
  280.     printf(" 6. 显示全部\n");
  281.     printf(" 7. 借出/归还登记\n");
  282.     printf(" 0. 退出\n");
  283.     printf("==================================\n");
  284.     printf("请选择: ");
  285. }
  286.  
  287. int main(void) {
  288.     char line[32];
  289.     while (1) {
  290.         menu();
  291.         read_line(line, sizeof(line));      // 统一按行读
  292.         int choice = atoi(line);
  293.  
  294.         switch (choice) {
  295.             case 1: add_book();            break;
  296.             case 2: search_by_title();     break;
  297.             case 3: search_by_publisher(); break;
  298.             case 4: delete_by_title();     break;
  299.             case 5: delete_by_publisher(); break;
  300.             case 6: list_books();          break;
  301.             case 7: change_status();       break;
  302.             case 0:
  303.                 free_all();
  304.                 printf("再见！\n");
  305.                 return 0;
  306.             default:
  307.                 printf("无效选项，请重新输入\n");
  308.         }
  309.     }
  310.     return 0;
  311. }
Success #stdin #stdout 0s 5344KB
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stdin
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stdout
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========== 图书管理系统 ==========
 1. 增加图书
 2. 按书名查询
 3. 按出版社查询
 4. 按书名删除
 5. 按出版社删除
 6. 显示全部
 7. 借出/归还登记
 0. 退出
==================================
请选择: 再见！
https://ideone.com/MV3eVS
language:
C++ (gcc 8.3)
created:
7 hours ago
visibility:
public

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